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Mackinaw Design Boat
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| An example of a typical Mackinaw design boat. (Photo Credit: Robert McGreevy) |
Michigan Divers, LLC announces the discovery of a previously unknown shipwreck, near the Grindstone City Harbor. Captain Cindy Lynch, her husband Captain Mike Lynch and Kevin Jimkoski were scuba diving from shore and discovered the wreck site. It was initially believed that the wreckage was from the Tug Margaretta, which exploded outside of the Grindstone Harbor in 1907. On a recent dive, Cindy, Chris Roth, and Kevin further explored the site and it was determined that the wreckage was not from a tugboat but from a small, single-masted sailing vessel. After consulting with local historian and marine artist, Robert McGreevy, it was determined that the wreckage was likely from a “Mackinaw Boat,” which was common for the area, around the end of the 19th century. The small sailing vessel was of “double-end design” and had at least one mast, a drop centerboard, and a tiller. The wreck site lies within the boundaries of the Thumb Bottom Land Preserve and can be found in 8 ft of water, approximately 150’ due east of the end of Grindstone City short point. People exploring the site can expect to find many small artifacts and several different fish species. This site should be an excellent local attraction for beginning divers, snorkelers, and kayakers.
The Typical Mackinaw Boat Design in the 19th Century Great Lakes
Introduction
The Mackinaw boat, often referred to as the “pickup truck” of the 19th century, played a pivotal role in the maritime history of the Great Lakes. These versatile vessels were essential for explorers, traders, fishermen, and coastal residents, providing a reliable means of transportation and cargo hauling across the upper Great Lakes region.
Design and Construction
Mackinaw boats were known for their distinctive design, which combined elements from various maritime traditions. They typically featured a double-ended hull, round bilges, and a centerboard, making them highly maneuverable and seaworthy. The hulls were either carvel or lapstrake built, with the latter being more common. The boats were partially decked, providing some protection from the elements while maintaining an open workspace for fishing and cargo handling.
The construction materials for Mackinaw boats varied, but they were often built using locally sourced timber such as red or white oak. The boats ranged in length from 16 to 40 feet, with the larger models capable of carrying substantial loads. The design also included a plum stem, down-sprung bowsprit, and a raked sternpost, which contributed to their stability and performance in rough waters.
Rigging and Sails
Mackinaw boats were typically rigged with large sails, allowing them to take full advantage of the wind. The most common rigging was the gaff-rigged cat-ketch, which provided excellent balance and control. This rigging setup made the Mackinaw boat an efficient and fast vessel, capable of navigating the challenging conditions of the Great Lakes.
Usage and Significance
The versatility and reliability of Mackinaw boats made them indispensable for various maritime activities. They were widely used for commercial fishing, cargo transport, and passenger ferrying. Their ability to handle rough waters and beach safely in emergencies made them a preferred choice for many Great Lakes mariners.
Mackinaw boats were particularly significant in the commercial fishing industry, where they were used extensively throughout the 19th century. Their design allowed fishermen to venture offshore and work in isolation, knowing they had a dependable vessel to rely on.
Legacy
The legacy of the Mackinaw boat endures in the Great Lakes region, where they are celebrated for their historical importance and unique design. Many original Mackinaw boats have been preserved in museums, and modern replicas are often used for educational purposes and recreational sailing.
In conclusion, the Mackinaw boat’s design and functionality made it a cornerstone of 19th-century maritime life in the Great Lakes. Its enduring legacy is a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of the boatbuilders who created these remarkable vessels.
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| Location of the Mackinaw design wreck site. Located just east (about 200-250ft) off the end of the short point at the Grindstone City marina. |
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| Photogrammetry model of the wreck site. |
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| Divers Cindy Lynch and Kevin Jimkoski pose at the bow of the wreck site. |
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| Remains of the bow. Notice the metal skeg on the keel. |
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| Another view of the bow remains. |
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| Remains of the stern. |
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| Photomosaic of the keel showing the location of the drop centerboard. |
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| The drop centerboard sits on the ribs at the port side near the bow. |
